ANTH 409: Human Body, Growth, and Health

Citations provide the information necessary for readers to identify and retrieve each source you use. When you use someone else's words or ideas in your papers, you should create an In-text citation within your paper and a References List citation at the end of the paper. Each In-text citation should lead to a References List citation, and each References List citation should come from an In-text citation.

Use the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) (print format) and/or the Concise APA Handbook: 7th Edition (ebook format) to correctly cite your sources and format your research papers. 

Help from the American Psychological Association 

Use the American Psychological Association's APA Style website for help with formatting your citations and your paper:

• Quick Reference Guide (for journal articles, books, and book chapters)
• Basic Principles of Citation
• In-Text Citations: explanations and examples of in-text citations and how to handle in-text citations for various numbers of authors  

Student Papers

• Student Paper Setup Guide (pdf)
• Sample Student Paper (includes example References list)
• Guide to Putting Together Title Pages 
• Guide to Different Levels of Headings 

References List

• Create an APA Style References List: pdf handout with the basics of putting together your References list
• Basic Principles of Reference List Entries 
• Elements of References List Entries describes the four elements of citations in detail:
  • Author: how to format individual/group author names and handle various numbers of authors
  • Date: how to format the date and include retrieval dates
  • Title: how to format the title and include bracketed descriptions
  • Source: how to format the source and include database/DOI information
• DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) and URLs - what they are and how to find and cite them
  • Use the Free DOI Lookup tool to find the DOIs of journal articles
• How to deal with missing information

References List - Examples:

• Textual Works: periodicals, books and reference works, reports, dissertations and theses, conference presentations, etc.
  • Journal Articles
  • Books and ebooks
  • Book chapters
• Online Media: websites and webpages, social media, etc.
  • Webpage on a website
  • Whole website
• Audiovisual Media: films, TV, podcasts, course lectures or slides, etc.
  • Film or Movie
  • Course PowerPoint Slides or Lecture Notes
  • YouTube videos and Ted Talks
• Datasets
• Assessments, tests, and measures (refers to APA 6th ed., but the rules are the same as for 7th ed.)

Taken from the Author Guidelines on the American Journal of Physical Anthropology website

In the text, references to the literature should be cited by author's surname followed by year of publication. If there are multiple citations, present them chronologically:

. . . analysis by Ward (2001) reveal . . .
. . . studies by Corner and Richtsmeier (2004) reveal . . .
. . . studies by Little et al. (1993) reveal . . .
. . . an earlier report (Hutchinson, 1999) . . .
. . . earlier reports (Arriaza et al., 2000; Paoli et al., 2002; Ross, 2003) . . .

When references are made to more than one paper by the same author published in the same year, they should be designated in the text as (Benefit and McCrossin, 1993a,b) and in the Literature Cited as follows:

Benefit BR, McCrossin ML. 1993a. New Kenyapithecus postcrania and other primate fossils from Maboko Island, Kenya [abstract]. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl 16:55–56.

Benefit BR, McCrossin ML. 1993b. On the lacrimal fossa of Cercopithecinae, with special reference to cladistic analysis of Old World monkey relationships. Folia Primatol 60:133–145.

Your Literature List should follow the formatting of those in articles published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (except for the double columns). Your list of sources must be arranged alphabetically, not chronologically, by author's or authors' surname(s) in the following style: Author's name (or names), year of publication, complete title, volume, and inclusive pages as follows:

Journal article
Trinkaus E, Churchill SE, Ruff CB. 1994. Postcranial robusticity in Homo . II: humeral bilateral asymmetry and bone plasticity. Am J Phys Anthropol 93:1–34.

Book
Bogin B. 2001. The growth of humanity. New York: Wiley-Liss.

Book chapter
Gruner O. 1993. Identification of skulls: A historical review and practical applications. In: Iscan MY, Helmer RP, editors. Forensic analysis of the skull. New York: Wiley-Liss. p 29–45.

Abbreviations of journal titles should follow those used in Index Medicus, available via PubMed at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/journals.